Speeches by MFA Political Office Holders during the Committee Of Supply Debate, 27 February 2026

Speech by Minister for Foreign Affairs Dr Vivian Balakrishnan

1                  Mr Chairman, on behalf of my colleagues, I first thank all of you for your ideas and suggestions. I must say that this year, again, I think I can claim bipartisan support for MFA.

2                  The post-World War II international order is actually an unprecedented phase in global history. Generally, it has been a period of unprecedented peace and prosperity for most countries in the world. But the point is that it was unique, and the deeper point today is that it has ended.  

3                  This order used to be characterised by principles of multilateralism, international law, sovereign equality, free markets, global supply chains organised on the basis of efficiency, and global institutions like the United Nations (UN), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and World Trade Organisation (WTO). In the last 60-plus years of Singapore’s independence, we evolved exquisitely to take full advantage of this global system, and we benefitted from Pax Americana, China’s reform and opening up, the rise of Middle Powers, and the progressive integration of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In fact, Singapore thrived as a ‘global metropolis’ in an age of globalisation.

4                  Now, the first brutal hard truth is that if that period has ended, we cannot simply presume that if we just carry on as per normal, somehow – magically – things will fall into place. This is a moment of rupture. It is also worth asking ourselves why and how that benign era of globalisation has ended. Actually, foreign policy begins at home, and this applies when understanding what is happening now on the global stage.  In many countries, there has been a populist backlash. Globalisation has created wealth, but it has also been blamed for accentuating fault lines, increasing inequality, middle class stagnation, the loss of jobs, growing despair, and deep polarisation in many societies. This domestic dysfunction has now projected itself onto the global stage and has undermined support for the international order. I completely agree with Mr Yip Hon Weng, Vikram Nair, Liang Eng Hwa, and Gerald Giam. This is not a passing shower. This is not just a small tremor. This is a geostrategic tectonic plate rupture.

5                  The Greek historian Thucydides wrote, “The strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must”. His words are now acutely apt today. The Great Powers flex their military and economic power more readily than ever before in pursuit of their interests, which are more narrowly defined. To be frank, they do so with less pretence of legal or moral justification for their actions. Where there was once economic integration, there is now fragmentation and weaponisation of interdependence and dependence. We are now in a world where international relations are no longer driven primarily by rules or by attempts to achieve consensus. Actually, the Great Powers have always been selective when applying the rule of law to themselves. But now, they feel even less need to engage in hypocrisy. It is all about raw power, and how those raw power asymmetries can be exploited.

6                  This is a far more dangerous world for small countries because small countries do not have the strategic heft to buffer ourselves from turbulence. For Singapore, a tiny city-state, the shoals are even more treacherous. Let us pause for a moment to consider what our options are. Option 1, despair, give up, and surrender to our fates. The answer must be no, because that is not who we are. This is not who we were in 1965 when in fact, a newly independent Singapore faced even longer odds with less resources. 

7                  Option 2, choose one dominant power and seek protection under its wing. No. This would undermine our sovereignty, independence, and in effect, make us a vassal state. Singapore should not and does not need to do this. After all, Singapore has never expected anyone else to come to our defence We will defend ourselves.

8                  The third and – in my view, only – viable option for us is to continue to determine our long-term national interests and then exercise our agency to chart our own path and choose our own destiny. Yes, we may be small, but we are a sovereign and independent country. We are a trusted global hub and an assiduous bridge builder. We want to make common cause with all states that are willing to engage us. We build regional and global networks that support dialogue, openness, and inclusion. We want to be useful, but not made use of. We are successful because of our domestic unity, our economic relevance and vitality, and our defence capabilities. We may be small, but we have agency, resilience, the resources, and the will to back this up.

9                  Mr Yip Hon Weng asked how Singapore will defend our principles not just in words, but also in deeds. Singapore's foreign policy has always rested on two pillars. Mr Rajaratnam described the first pillar as “the theology of foreign policy” – that means the world we hope to have, a world that hopefully was based on principles of fairness, sovereign equality, and international rules.

10                  But we have never been naïve. There is a deep vein of realism in the way we view the world and operate. This is what Mr Rajaratnam termed “the practice of foreign policy”. We have always understood that size and power matter in foreign relations. Disagreement, coercion, and even conflict are part and parcel of the cut-and-thrust of international relations. This is precisely why we have spent between 3 and 6 per cent of our gross domestic product (GDP) for six decades for defence. An effective foreign policy needs both pillars – idealism and realism. We never want to be so cynical that no one will trust us. But we also do not want to be so naïve that we would get taken advantage of by everyone.

11                  We need to assess objectively our national interests based on our unique circumstances as a tiny multiracial city-state in the heart of Southeast Asia. So, the next set of questions is: what are our national interests? First, to safeguard our sovereignty, our independence and our national unity. Second, to secure access to essential supplies and the freedom of navigation necessary for us to continue to have access to these essential supplies. These supplies are energy, food, and water – and you can add to this list. Third, to continue strengthening our role as a trusted global hub for trade, finance, wealth management, advanced manufacturing, and other global services. Fourth, to support a rules-based multilateral approach wherever possible, recognising that challenges to the global commons, like climate change and pandemics, have to be tackled collectively because they go beyond the ability of any single country – even a superpower – to resolve.

12                  In such a tumultuous world, the point I am making today is that we are going to face more strategic dilemmas and difficult choices. Because, for instance, our interests are not always going to be aligned with the Great Powers, or the middle powers, or our immediate neighbours. On some issues, we will have to say “no” and to do so courteously, respectfully, and constructively, but nevertheless to stand firm and say “no”. This is not about choosing sides, but about upholding principles and making a careful assessment of Singapore’s long-term national interests. Now, I have been in this post long enough to tell you that pressure has been, and will be, brought to bear on us. And there will always be attempts to weaken our will and divide us domestically. I would also state that sometimes, we will pay a price for staking out our own position. But I hope that this house and the citizens beyond will agree that we must retain this ability to say “no” when we have to. If we ever lose the ability to say “no”, then that is the day that Singapore loses our relevance and indeed, our independence.

13                  Let us provide some examples: we have consistently called out violations of international law. We did so when Russia invaded Ukraine because to us, that was a clear violation of international law and the principles of the UN Charter. More recently, we also did so in relation to the US’ actions in Venezuela. We took these positions because a world based on “might is right” is a world that is more dangerous for Singapore.

14                  We spoke out about the need to preserve a rules-based trading system, including the principle of Most Favoured Nation at the WTO. We expressed, categorically, our disappointment with US tariffs that violated this principle because trade is our lifeblood. Trade is more than three times Singapore’s GDP. Jobs, investments, and living standards depend on our predictable access to external markets.

15                  We also took clear positions on the Israel-Gaza conflict. We condemned the attacks that occurred on 7 October 2023 in Israel. These were acts of terror. We affirmed that every state has a right of self-defence. However, in exercising this right, countries must abide by international law including international humanitarian law. We have clearly stated that Israel’s military response has breached international humanitarian law.

16                  I agree with Mr Yip Hon Weng on the need for both moral clarity and diplomatic effectiveness. Although I would add that we must not try to reduce foreign relations to a morality play. You will be hard pressed to find occasions when the PM or I ever referred to any leader or country as “evil” or a “saint”. That is not the way things work in real life. Coming back to Gaza, we have and will do more to alleviate the suffering in Gaza. We have been able to do so precisely because we have extensive diplomatic ties across the entire Middle East. We are one of the few countries with remarkable access to all sides – those who have travelled with me will know this. We have sent 11 tranches of humanitarian aid amounting to over S$25 million to help civilians in Gaza. These fundraising efforts are continuing. More than just money, there are Singaporeans lining up to volunteer their professional services to help on the ground.

17                  To answer Mr Gerald Giam, we are still assessing the invitation from the US to formally join the Board of Peace. But, in the meantime, we will explore initiatives, including those recently announced at the inaugural meeting of the Board of Peace on 19 February 2026. Singapore will continue to play a constructive role in the pursuit of peace and reconstruction in Gaza. On Palestine, which is the larger question, our longstanding position remains that the only path to a just and durable peace is a negotiated two-State solution, consistent with the relevant UN Security Council resolutions. We oppose attempts to create new facts on the ground that undermine the prospects for a two-State solution. It is our consistent position that the Israeli settlements in the West Bank are illegal under international law. 

Agency

18                  These positions, that we have taken and explicitly stated over the last years, have not been universally welcomed, and domestically, have even elicited active debate. The point I am trying to make to you is that people may disagree with certain decisions and positions that we take, but I hope you will understand why we take these positions, as Mr Foo Cexiang has emphasised. Taking a position rather than lying low and seeking cover, in fact, aligns with furthering our national interests. Articulating these positions is part of exercising agency, because we must try to shape the environment and to carve out conditions which are most conducive for the survival and success of small states. I agree with Mr Gerald Giam, that in this fraught geopolitical environment, the personal touch is still paramount. Building relationships at the personal level between political leaders is still the paramount currency of diplomacy. Last year, MFA facilitated over 180 visits, incoming and outgoing, at the political level. If you include officials and civil servants, the number balloons exponentially. The purpose of meeting and travelling was not just to show up and fly the flag, but to deepen the personal rapport and trust between leaders, officials, and their foreign counterparts, particularly when the views are divergent. Doing so may not resolve the conflict, but building reservoirs of trust and understanding reduces the probability of miscommunication and unnecessary conflict.

19                  Having said all that, and to go one more layer of resolution down, MFA has five priority workstreams. First, we want to engage all the great powers constructively and give them a stake in the stability and prosperity of our region — because that balance of power between great powers is what gives small states like Singapore room for manoeuvre and options. The second workstream is to buttress an even wider network of middle-power partnerships for greater stability. In the last couple of years, the need for middle powers – particularly those who share an affinity for international law, multilateralism, and free trade – to get together, and for us to engage those middle powers, has become all the more obvious. Our third workstream is to strengthen a stable and integrated ASEAN. Not just because it is our immediate neighbourhood, but because this happens to be a part of the world with great potential over the next couple of decades, in terms of economic growth, a rising middle class, technological leapfrogging, infrastructure, and integration. Fourth, we do need to pay attention to our immediate neighbours – Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei – which are the core of our core. Fifth, to take an overarching view, we need to do what we can reinforce a rules-based international architecture despite the current headwinds. These are examples of not surrendering to our fate.

20                  Let me delve into a little more detail about the major powers, starting with the US and China. Mr Edward Chia, Henry Kwek, Yip Hon Weng, Shawn Huang, and Ms Jessica Tan asked how we maintain trust with both the US and China whilst preserving Singapore’s strategic options and while the two superpowers are competing against each other in the realms of security, supply chains, technology, and trade. This is a tough question.

21                  Let me start with the US. We have a substantial, deep, and multi-faceted relationship with the US. The US has long been, and continues to be, the largest foreign investor in Singapore by a long way. If you check the figures, you will see that there are multiple times more stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the US in Singapore, than the second, third, fourth and fifth investor, even when added up. We purchase US defence equipment and cooperate closely on countering terrorism and proliferation. We are deepening our cooperation in critical and emerging technologies. This year, we celebrate 60 years of diplomatic ties with the US.

22                  Having said that, China is also a vital partner with whom we enjoy a robust and close relationship. Over most of the last ten years, China has been our largest trading partner in goods. At the last Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation, we concluded 27 agreements ranging from finance and innovation to food security and green energy. We marked 35 years of diplomatic relations last year. If you stop to think about it, beyond the numbers, we have a unique relationship with China. China and Singapore are the only two sovereign states in the world with a majority Chinese population, with deep linguistic, cultural and historical links. This presents opportunities but is also a burden for us, because Singapore is an independent multi-racial city state in the heart of Southeast Asia. We have our own identity, our own political system, and our own values. Our value proposition, even to China, is to be the “same-same but different”, to quote Mr Lim Swee Say. We are same in that we enjoy affinity, and linguistic and shared cultural heritage. But different because Singapore’s destiny and our value proposition is to be distinct, and not like another small Chinese city.

23                  Therefore, we have to work with both the US and China where our interests coincide. Where our interests diverge, we will have to courteously stand up and say no. When we say no, both sides have to understand that it is not personal but based on a principled assessment of Singapore’s national interests.  We are not acting as a proxy for one or the other. So long as we can maintain this principled approach, I feel that we come under less pressure, because they will know this tiny little city-state has more spine and will hold its ground more firmly, the more you push it. Conducting foreign policy on this basis with superpowers is the only way to do it. The reality is that all countries, including Singapore, will have to find creative ways to work with both the US and China, because they are the major powers and they are relevant to our future.

24                  Turning to the middle powers, we are growing our network of partnerships with middle powers and regional blocs. For instance, in 2025, we upgraded our partnerships with Australia, France, India, New Zealand, and Vietnam, and achieved a new partnership with South Korea. We signed the EU-Singapore Digital Trade Agreement and we are deepening relations with more like-minded partners. We are expanding our global footprint in Africa and Latin America. To support this, we are establishing new Missions in Mexico and Ethiopia, and there will be more to come. I want to reassure Mr Lee Hong Chuang that all these moves, beyond the diplomatic field, will also aim to increase access for our local enterprises to overseas markets.

25                  On ASEAN, I agree with Mr Liang Eng Hwa and Ms Valerie Lee that ASEAN has to remain the cornerstone of our foreign policy. It is a salient platform from which we engage the wider world.

26                  For ASEAN to remain relevant, you have reminded us that we must deepen our regional integration in order to become more cohesive, united, and credible. An integrated ASEAN builds a stable regional platform for Singapore and gives us a voice, more so than a unilateral voice, and also the convening power of ASEAN. That is why we are pushing hard on key initiatives that bind our ASEAN economies closer together, as emphasised by Mr Yip Hon Weng and Ms Rachel Ong.

27                  We are making progress on the ASEAN Power Grid. This is about creating a sustainable, interconnected infrastructure that supports the entire region’s growth. The ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement was substantially concluded last year. We hope to finalise the agreement this year. I believe it will unlock the immense potential of the digital economy in ASEAN in the years to come.

28                  We must also continue to look outwards. We should give all major powers a stake in the stability and prosperity of our region and ensure that ASEAN remains the partner of choice. This is the logic behind our open, inclusive, and ASEAN-centred regional architecture. The more countries invest in ASEAN’s collective progress, the more stable we will be. This balance of power and interests provides small countries like Singapore with more room to manoeuvre, than an alternative scenario where there is only a single power dominating our region.

29                  Mr Gerald Giam and Patrick Tay and Ms Rachel Ong asked how we plan to leverage our upcoming ASEAN Chairmanship to deepen integration and unity. We will assume the ASEAN Chairmanship in 2027 during ASEAN’s 60^th anniversary. This is a heavy responsibility, but also an opportunity. An opportunity at a time of tumult. We will deepen integration and promote external partnerships. We will continue to keep the ASEAN region open for business, open to the world, and committed to peace, stability and cooperation.

30                  I would like to assure Mr Gerald Giam that we do second officers to the ASEAN Secretariat, particularly in leadership positions. We have done so over the years, including current Deputy Secretary-General for the ASEAN Economic Community Mr Satvinder Singh. MFA will continue to curate and facilitate secondments for MFA and public officers from other ministries to the ASEAN Secretariat and to other international organisations. This extends our experience and knowledge base of international diplomacy and tradecraft more widely across the Public Service.

31                  Let me turn now to our neighbours closer to home. Strong relations with Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei are critical. Mr Patrick Tay asked how we will step up our engagement with them. Mr Victor Lye asked how we will strengthen economic coordination with our neighbours through city-based and regional partnerships, given the increasing cross-border activities of Singaporean companies and Singaporeans.

32                  With Indonesia, we have resolved longstanding issues and are now in a position to explore mutually beneficial projects in energy, food security, education, and healthcare. We are discussing cross-border electricity trade, carbon capture and storage, and establishing a Sustainable Industrial Zone across the Bintan-Batam-Karimun corridor. These strategic projects will accelerate decarbonisation and catalyse green investments in both countries. We look forward to commemorating 60 years of diplomatic ties in 2027.

33                  With Malaysia, our leaders meet regularly, both formally and informally, for candid discussions. This has allowed us to pursue beneficial regional partnerships, including the Johor-Singapore Special Economic Zone and the Johor Bahru-Singapore Rapid Transit System Link. We are deepening economic and people-to-people ties with East Malaysia. In fact, we will be establishing new consulates – one in Sabah and one in Sarawak – shortly. At the same time, I will also be candid and tell you that we are trying to manage outstanding bilateral issues that are complex and, by definition, have been around for a long time and will take time to resolve. The fact of the matter is that Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei will always be close, permanent neighbours. We cannot afford to allow spiky issues to undermine our overall positive cooperation.

34                  On international organisations, norms, and standards, I agree with Mr Yip Hon Weng and Mr Lee Hong Chuang on the need to protect the global commons and to support the multilateral system. Despite the challenges, the rules-based multilateral system ultimately provides the architecture of norms, standards, and institutions that protects the global commons and gives all small states a say. In spite of the headwinds today, we must continue to do our best to build overlapping, flexible circles of plurilateral partnerships with like-minded countries. Wherever we can make common cause, we do so, and we proceed.

35                  We remain fully committed to the WTO. But achieving consensus among 166 members is very difficult. Our strategy is to push the envelope with like-minded partners who share our commitment to free trade, and we will aim for high-ambition agreements that are inclusive and WTO-consistent so that others can join when ready. In other words, make common cause, move forward, invite other people to come on board, and always stay open and inclusive.

36                  The Joint Statement Initiative on E-commerce Agreement began with Singapore, Australia, and Japan. It now has 72 co-sponsors. The Future of Investment and Trade Partnership brings together 16 small and medium-sized economies on supply chain resilience and trade facilitation. These are examples where you start small, but you can build and expand these platforms.

37                  Beyond trade, we have also built constituencies of support among fellow small states in the UN. The Forum of Small States (FOSS), which Singapore co-founded, brings together 108 countries to address issues like sustainable development, climate change, protecting the global commons and digitalisation. Building consensus in a fractured world is difficult, but not impossible. Ambassador Rena Lee presided over the conclusion of the BBNJ Agreement in 2023. We will continue to contribute where we can. Our nomination of Ambassador Rena Lee as a candidate for Judge in the International Court of Justice reflects our commitment to advancing the international rule of law.

38                  Mr Neo Kok Beng has suggested leveraging technology as soft power. I completely agree. We have been stepping up technology cooperation in partnership with other countries. We work together with others, including at the Group of Twenty (G20) and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), to shape the norms and standards, and more importantly, open access to technology, that can benefit all countries. We will continue to strengthen such engagements and ensure that Singapore remains an open and trusted hub for technological innovation and scientific collaboration. I tell my foreign counterparts, send your people to us. We will run an open-book exercise with you. We will show you how we do it, because the challenge is not in the idea, but in the execution. And to the extent that we can show people what we have done, including our mistakes, and they can modify and make it relevant to them, that is how we exercise thought leadership and cooperation in this field.

The Challenges Ahead

39                  Let me come to the challenges ahead. We are in a very turbulent world. We will face more inflexion points and we will have to take more positions. Singaporeans will have different views on these foreign policy issues. Being interested – or as Ms Eileen Chong has said, literate – in global issues and understanding Singapore’s national interests will help us engage the world with knowledge, understanding, and confidence.

40                  We do not necessarily have to agree on all our foreign policy stances, but we must agree that these are matters to be discussed and decided by Singaporeans alone. And that means keeping a wary eye on foreign interference and influence. With increased global contestation, foreign actors will want us to align with their views. They will try to seed their narratives. And there will be attempts, as there have been in recent times, to create fake news and to play on potential internal divisions.

41                  We have already seen information campaigns targeting Singapore online, including during our own General Elections last year where Singaporeans were urged to vote along religious lines. Government statements on regional developments have prompted criticism from foreign netizens who want us to adopt their interpretations of history. Such attempts will continue. Geopolitical contestation has become a tussle for the hearts and minds, and in cyberspace as well. We must be aware and we must exercise caution because we have a diverse population. Never presume we are immune to the polarisation and fractures in societies elsewhere.

Conclusion: Foreign Policy Begins at Home

42                  So where does this leave us? The world today is more dangerous and unpredictable than I have ever seen in my decade-plus as Foreign Minister. The global order that used to underpin our success has ended, and do not expect a stable new equilibrium to take shape in 2026 or even the next couple of years. We must expect more issues on which we will have to take a difficult stand. External and domestic pressures on us will grow.

43                  But I also believe that we should take heart. The challenges we face today are serious, but they are less severe than what Singapore faced in 1965. Singapore had unexpectedly become independent. We had no hinterland, no resources, and no armed forces. Our security was precarious, our economic viability was in doubt, our social cohesion was yet to be forged, and we lived in a volatile and dangerous neighbourhood that regarded us with suspicion. Despite all this, our pioneers pressed ahead and they built this country. This is a narrative that connects Singapore over decades. We may be small and improbable, but we have never been afraid to stand up to fight for what we believe in.

44                  Today, we are in a far better position in terms of tools and resources. We have three prerequisites for success. The first is our domestic unity, although this is always a work in progress. As long as we understand that we are in this together, as long as we can inoculate ourselves from foreign influence, as long as we can disagree maturely and ultimately still forge a domestic consensus, we will continue to thrive, and we cannot be bought or bullied by anyone.

45                  The second ingredient is our economic vitality and relevance. As Mr Lee Kuan Yew said, “Singapore cannot take its relevance for granted. Small countries perform no vital or irreplaceable functions in the international system”. Hence, we must preserve our relevance to the world. In 1965, our per capita GDP was US$500. Today, it is over US$90,000. Paradoxically, today’s more fractious world accentuates Singapore’s value as a trusted, stable hub. Our friends and partners know that we speak honestly and independently. They know that we are open and welcoming to all. They know that we honour our word, contracts are sacrosanct, and investments and intellectual capital are protected. There is a premium in such a world for stability, consistency, and respect for the rule of law.

46                  The third ingredient is our ability to defend ourselves. We can do that today because we have National Service and because of the steady investment in defence for decades. We must preserve this capability because it keeps us safe. We are a country that can hope for the best but also prepares for the worst.

47                  On this note, I thank all members for your longstanding support for MFA’s work as we continue to navigate challenges, safeguard Singapore’s national interests, and seize opportunities in these troubled times. I began with Thucydides and the cold logic of power. But I will end on a different note. The ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus offered a different kind of wisdom: “character is destiny”. For all the turbulence in the world, I believe Singapore’s destiny is bright — not because of our size or our luck, but because of who we are. That Singapore spirit – indomitable grit, courage, honesty, discipline, diligence, rectitude, and compassion. These are not mere abstractions. This is the Singapore spirit that got us here. And it is what will carry us forward.

.    .    .    .    .

Speech by Senior Minister of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Home Affairs Sim An

Mr Chairman

[In Mandarin]

1.                  去年九月份，在政府施政方针辩论中，我谈到以规则为导向的多边国际秩序处于被削弱的状态。经过短短的5个月，这个说法过时了。我们所熟悉的国际秩序已经结束了。

(During the debate on the motion of thanks to the President in September last year, I spoke on the weakening of the multilateral rules-based order. Within a short span of 5 months, that description is now outdated. The world order that we have been familiar with has ended.)

2.                  这对新加坡带来什么影响？国人可能还没有确切地感受到。首先，令人侧目的国际新闻在过去两年内层出不穷，现在，不管是委内瑞拉还是格陵兰，大家可能对这些国际头条都见怪不怪了。第二，联合国等国际组织都还存在。第三，尽管关税压力笼罩全球，我国经济去年还是取得了超乎预料的好成绩。

(What is the impact on Singapore? Singaporeans might not have felt it yet. First, there has been a constant barrage of extraordinary headlines concerning international affairs over the last two years. People may no longer feel very shocked when reading about issues like Venezuela or Greenland.  Second, the UN and other international organisations are still in existence. Third, despite the pressures created by tariffs, our economy did better than expected last year.)

3.                  尽管如此，国际秩序的结束确实对我们有所影响。

(But there is real impact on Singapore.)

4.                  以规则导向的国际秩序之所以曾经行之有效，其中一个主要原因是因为有美国这个超级大国的支撑。美国曾经愿意出钱出力维持许多国际组织，提供全球公共产品，动员许多国家共同维护同一套国际游戏规则，确保违规行为会受到严厉的制约，如经济制裁或军事干预。如果说“大鱼吃小鱼、小鱼吃虾米” 是国际事务的原始面貌，那这套国际秩序便对各国形成了一定的约束力，也为国际事务注入一定的可预见性。大鱼不敢尽情地吃小鱼，小鱼不敢尽情地吃虾米，虾米也就有更多生存的空间。

(A key reason why the rules-based international order was effective was that it was backed by the US. It had supported international organisations, provided global public goods, and rallied many countries in defence of one set of rules for international conduct. Violations will be punished, with economic sanctions or military action. The international rules-based order therefore introduced a certain degree of restraint and predictability into world affairs, which otherwise would revert to “big fish eat small fish, small fish eat shrimp”. This means more space for shrimp to survive and flourish.)

5.                  现在，国际秩序失去了这个强有力的捍卫者。国际舞台如今充满变数，各国对于罔顾他国利益、追求自己的利益已经少了以往的那一份束缚，这样的世界对于新加坡这样的小国是更加危险的。

(Now, the international order has lost its major underwriter. The world has become less predictable, and countries now feel fewer inhibitions in pursuing their self-interest at the expense of others. This is a more dangerous world for small countries like Singapore.)

6.                  第二，新的国际秩序还未产生，也不一定会产生，但大国之间的角力肯定有所增加，“选边站队” 的压力也会增加。

(While the new order has yet to emerge – and it’s not clear if it will – we can be sure that contestation between big powers will intensify, as will pressure to “choose a side”.)

7.                  因此，我国将面临更多直接和间接的风险。

(This means greater direct and indirect risks for Singapore.)

Singapore’s core interests

8.                  纵使国际环境已发生变化，新加坡的处境和基本定位并未改变。

(While the global environment may have evolved, Singapore’s circumstances and identity have not changed.)

a.      我们地处东南亚的心脏地区，而且是个多元种族、多元文化、多元宗教的国家。

(We are a multiracial, multireligious country in the heart of Southeast Asia.)

b.     我们有着独特的人口结构和族群比例，又处于一个形势复杂的区域，这意味着我们必须对我国的核心利益有着清醒和明确的认识。

(Our demographic composition and location in a complex part of the world mean that we have to be crystal clear about our core national interests.)

c.      我们必须维护我国的安全、繁荣、和社会内部的团结和凝聚力。

(These are to safeguard Singapore’s security, our prosperity and social cohesion.)

          i.      在安全问题上，我们必须尽力维护我国主权。因此，如果看到其他国家的主权受到侵犯，我们不能保持沉默。

(Security – safeguarding Singapore’s sovereignty. This means speaking up when we see sovereignty being undermined in other parts of the world.)

          ii.      在促进繁荣上，我们必须推动自由开放的贸易、维护以规则为导向的贸易体系，并保障我们获取关键物资的渠道。

(Prosperity – promoting free and open trade, preserving a rules-based trading system, and securing our access to essential supplies.)

          iii.      在社会凝聚力上，我们必须维护我国的多元种族和多元宗教的社会本质。

(Social cohesion – upholding the multiethnic, multireligious nature of our country.)

9.                  我国向来致力于扩大合作、广交朋友。但是，既然我们拥有独特的社会结构、身份认同和历史背景，维护国家利益就意味着我们不可能总是与伙伴国意见一致。有时，我们也不得不在深思熟虑后，向我们很重视的朋友和伙伴们说 “不”，或说一些他们不爱听的话。

(We have worked hard at building a strong network of friends and partners in the world. But since we have our unique societal makeup, identity and history, being true to our national interests means we cannot possibly share identical positions with all of them all of the time. We sometimes have to say no, after careful consideration, to friends and partners who are important to us, or express views that they might not like to hear.)

10.                  这种情形曾经发生过，以后也可能发生。出现这种情形时，我们希望国人能够淡定面对，处惊不变。

(This has happened before, and we must expect it to happen again. When it does, we hope Singaporeans can keep calm and carry on.)

11.                  要做到这点是不容易的，尤其因为外来势力对我国信息空间有所渗透。我国不仅结构多元，也是个高度数码化、信息传播速度极快的社会，因此更容易受到外来势力的觊觎和利用。近期，各种数码工具也飞速发展，增强了外来势力散布有利于己的说法，甚至发动敌意信息行动的能力，造成了这类活动的频率和强度上升。

(This is not easy to achieve, and made more challenging with foreign infiltration of our information space. With a diverse, digitally connected population, Singapore is an attractive and vulnerable target. The development of advanced digital tools has supercharged the ability of foreign actors to seed narratives and even mount hostile information campaigns (HICs) to advance their interests, and such activities have clearly stepped up.)

a.      我鼓励国人去看看《联合早报》最近发布的一则七分钟的视频报道，了解人工智能如何被滥用，制造耸动的虚假信息来操纵并影响公众的情绪。英文媒体对这个现象也有报导。

(If you have not watched Lianhe Zaobao’s seven-minute video explaining how AI can be used to generate sensationalised fake news to manipulate viewers’ emotions, I highly encourage you to do so. English media have also carried similar reports.)

b.     如果国人看到针对特定族群发声的信息，更要加以警惕。   

(We should be particularly careful when we come across content that highlights or appeals to one particular ethnicity over another.)

c.      总的来说，我们必须留意对来自网络空间、针对我国的评论。这类内容有一部分可能是别有用心，目的是动摇我们的自信，或是利用社会中的差异制造分化。

(On the whole, we should be vigilant towards online commentaries targeted at Singapore. Some of these could be attempts to undermine our confidence, or exploit our fault lines.)

12.                  我们必须保持高度的警惕性和判断力，以巩固我国抵御外来势力的第一道防线。正因如此，外交部会继续积极与本地群众沟通，尽最大的努力阐明我国的立场。

(The first line of defence against foreign disinformation campaigns is a vigilant and discerning public. This is why it is critically important for MFA to engage domestic audiences and explain our positions as best we can.)

13.                  虽然原有的国际秩序已经不复存在，但这并不代表我们需要放弃以规则为导向的国际事务处理方式。对新加坡这样的小国而言，努力维护多边主义和国际法，是符合我们的国家利益。

(The old world order may have ended, but that does not mean we should give up on a rules-based approach to international affairs. Doing what we can to strengthen multilateralism and international law is still relevant for Singapore as a small state.)

14.                  与此同时，我们始终含着务实的眼光看待世界。在外交关系中，我们也深刻认识到，国家的大小和实力依旧至关重要。当今世界日益分化，国家之间缺乏互信，新加坡必须保持清醒的判断，把握国家的利益，冷静地评估各种选项，并作出符合我国利益的坚定决策。

(At the same time, there is a deep vein of pragmatism in the way we view the world. We have always understood that size and power matter in foreign relations. At a time of fragmentation when trust and consistency are in deficit, Singapore must continue to be clear-eyed about our national interests, assess our options dispassionately and make hard-nosed decisions that are only in Singapore’s interest.)

15.                  归根结底，维护我们的利益、把握我们的前途，只能靠我们自己，不能寄望他人。

(Most importantly, we must stand on our own two feet. We cannot rely on others to secure our interests and our destiny.)

[In English]

Mr Chairman,

16.                  Small states like Singapore do not have to be passive bystanders. We have agency and can do much to create strategic space for ourselves.

17.                  Mr. Yip Hong Weng and Mr. Henry Kwek asked how we are advancing partnerships with middle powers, on the geopolitical, trade and technology fronts. Indeed, one key strategy is to strengthen and expand our partnerships with like-minded countries, including major and middle powers. With this circle of trusted friends, we will forge ahead in critical sectors like defence cooperation, but also in new and exciting domains such as energy, technology and sustainability. Beyond strengthening Singapore’s economic resilience and security, such ties can also bring tangible benefits to Singaporeans and our companies.

18.                  Last year, Singapore upgraded our relationships with Australia, France, India, New Zealand, and Vietnam to the level of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership or CSPs. We also established a new strategic partnership with the Republic of Korea and deepened our cooperation with the European Union. Let me elaborate on some of these partnerships. 

a.      With Australia, we have launched an upgraded CSP (“CSP 2.0”), the first of its kind.

          i.      Beyond our already strong bilateral cooperation in defence and trade, CSP 2.0 will anchor our cooperation with Australia in frontier areas like cyber, digital, space and AI for the next decade, while strengthening economic resilience in sectors such as energy, sustainability and supply chains.

          ii.      An example is our Go-Green Co-Innovation Programme, an initiative under the Singapore-Australia Green Economy Agreement. Under this programme, both governments jointly fund green innovation projects, allowing our companies to work together to develop, test and commercialise technological solutions that drive decarbonisation.

          iii.      We are also working together in the region on the Financing Asia’s Transition Partnership (FAST-P) initiative that will help finance Southeast Asia’s green transition projects.

b.     Singapore and New Zealand have joined hands on many groundbreaking initiatives, particularly on trade.

          i.      Bilaterally, our Agreement on Trade in Essential Supplies – the first of its kind – will ensure the continued flow of critical goods even during crises.

          ii.      Singapore, New Zealand, and Chile launched the negotiation for the Green Economy Partnership Agreement (GEPA) in October 2025. The GEPA represents a new rules-based trade agreement that aims to support new opportunities for businesses and enhance trade and investment in green sectors.

c.      With India, the fourth-largest economy in the world, we have elevated relations to a CSP.

          i.      A forward-looking Roadmap was jointly adopted during Prime Minister Lawrence Wong’s Official Visit to India in September last year, to guide the next phase of our cooperation under the CSP.

          ii.      The CSP Roadmap outlines concrete commitments to strengthen our partnership in advanced manufacturing, skills development, digitalisation, and connectivity across the air, sea and digital domains.

          iii.      Dr. Hamid Razak asked about how cooperation with middle powers could be expanded to support broader people-to-people ties. We are doing so under the CSP Roadmap, through scholarships, study visits, and internship programmes.  

d.     With France, we upgraded bilateral ties to a CSP, Singapore’s first such partnership with a European country.

          i.      The CSP will strengthen cooperation in existing sectors like defence, trade, education, research and culture, and expand our collaboration in new areas including decarbonisation, energy, digitalisation, and AI.

e.      With the EU, we signed the EU-Singapore Digital Trade Agreement (EUSDTA) in May 2025.

          i.      This is the EU’s first standalone digital trade agreement with another country and Singapore’s largest bilateral Digital Economy Agreement (DEA) to date.

          ii.      We are also exploring greater cooperation between the EU and ASEAN, as well as between the EU and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). These initiatives support our broader engagement of Europe and complement our new CSP with France, as well as existing Strategic Partnerships with Germany and the UK.

f.       We upgraded relations with the Republic of Korea to a Strategic Partnership in November last year. This will provide a platform for both sides to leverage our respective technological strengths, and deepen cooperation on sustainability, AI, cybersecurity and next-generation energy solutions. It will also promote exchanges between our youths and institutes of higher learning in the arts, culture and other areas of mutual interest.

          i.      Through the partnership, we also work closely to facilitate two-way agri-food trade.

g.     We also look to do more with Japan as we commemorate the 60^th anniversary of diplomatic relations this year. Given Japan’s strengths, we will deepen collaboration in areas like the digital economy, green transition and emerging technologies.

h.     These partnerships give Singapore greater resilience and ensure that we remain relevant amongst major and middle powers.

Domestic Support for Foreign Policy

19.                  I mentioned earlier in my Mandarin speech that the first line of defence against foreign influence campaigns is a vigilant and discerning public.

a.      It is important for Singaporeans to be interested in global affairs, so that they can engage the world wisely and confidently.

b.     At the same time, Singaporeans need to understand Singapore’s core interests and look at global affairs through a Singapore lens.

c.      Decisions about Singapore’s future must be made by Singaporeans and Singaporeans only, free from external manipulation.

20.                  Mr. Yip Hon Weng, Ms. Joan Pereira, Mr. Ang Wei Neng, Mr. Foo Cexiang, Ms. Hazlina Abdul Halim and Ms. Eileen Chong asked about how we can strengthen trust, unity and resilience at home, and spoke about the need to build domestic support for foreign policy. The Government has stepped up engagement efforts with Singaporeans, including students, youths, businesses, and grassroot leaders, through closed-door dialogue sessions and workshops to help Singaporeans better understand our operating context and foreign policy considerations.

a.      For example, MFA regularly conducts Foreign Policy Engagement Sessions with all pre-tertiary institutions to explain the fundamentals of Singapore’s foreign policy.

b.     Last month, I held a dialogue with business leaders from the Singapore International Chamber of Commerce, during which we discussed Singapore’s approach to staying relevant and resilient by navigating global geopolitical challenges based on our long-term national interests.

21.                  Ms. Jessica Tan and Mr. Ang Wei Neng also asked about how MFA is working across government to protect Singapore from foreign interference. MFA is working with MHA to strengthen our safeguards against foreign interference, which will be elaborated on by MHA during their Committee of Supply speeches.

22.                  Mr. Chairman, foreign policy begins at home. Singapore’s relevance to the world depends on both our ability to add value to others, as well as our international credibility. Our ability to stand firm on the world stage depends on having our people’s trust and support, and our ability to remain calm and collected in the face of challenging external circumstances. We can only act with confidence if Singaporeans are united behind us.

.    .    .    .    .

Speech by Minister of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Social and Family Development Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim

Mr Chairman,

[In Bahasa Melayu]

1.                  Tuan Pengerusi, seperti Ahli-ahli Dewan sudah tahu, susunan global pasca Perang Dunia Kedua yang telah membawa kemajuan dan kestabilan kepada Singapura telahpun berakhir.

(As Members of this House have noted, the post-WWII global order which brought progress and stability to Singapore has ended.)

a.      Semakin sukar untuk kita melihat negara-negara besar berpegang terus pada prinsip bekerjasama pelbagai hala yang sudah lama ditetapkan, serta menghormati undang-undang dan prinsip antarabangsa.

(It is increasingly difficult for us to see major countries continue to adhere to the long-established principles of multilateral cooperation, as well as respect for international law and principles.)

b.     Kuasa-kuasa besar hari ini semakin bersedia menggunakan kekuatan ketenteraan dan tekanan ekonomi demi kepentingan sendiri.

(Great powers are now more prepared to flex their military and economic power to pursue their interests.)

c.      Malah, ada yang merasakan bahawa tindakan mereka tidak perlu lagi dipertanggungjawabkan dari segi undang-undang mahupun atas dasar moral.

(In fact, some feel even less inclined than before to be held legally or morally accountable for their actions.)

2.                  Semua ini bermaksud dunia kini menjadi lebih berbahaya, terutamanya bagi negara kecil seperti Singapura.

(The cumulative effect is a more dangerous world for small states like Singapore.)

a.      Bak kapal yang mengharungi ribut besar, laut mana yang tidak bergelora, kita akan merasai gangguan geopolitik yang semakin kerap dan semakin kuat.

(Like a ship in the proverbial storm, we will feel the effects of more frequent and intense geopolitical disruptions.)

b.     Namun, walaupun badai melanda, Singapura masih mempunyai keupayaan dan ruang untuk menentukan hala tuju kita sendiri.

(But despite the rough seas, Singapore has the ability and space to chart our own course.)

c.      Kita tidak boleh membiarkan diri mengikut angin atau ombak, kerana tanpa panduan, kita mudah tersasar haluan dan hanyut dalam samudera antarabangsa.

(We cannot allow ourselves to drift with the wind or waves, as without guidance it is easy to lose our way and drift into international waters.)

d.     Jika kite cuba “mengimbangi” kuasa-kuasa besar atau memilih sebarang pihak tertentu, ini bermakna kita menyerahkan keupayaan kita untuk menentukan nasib sendiri.

(If we try to ‘balance’ major powers or choose sides, it means surrendering our ability to determine our own destiny.)

e.      Sebaliknya, kita harus mencari penunjuk arah yang dapat dijadikan panduan.

(Rather, we must find a compass to guide ourselves.)

3.                  Dalam dasar luar negara, kepentingan negara harus berpandukan ini.

(In foreign policy, our national interest is this guiding compass.)

a.      Kita mesti terus mengenal pasti dan menegaskan kepentingan negara dengan jelas — sama ada berkaitan kedaulatan, keselamatan, atau perpaduan sosial — dan menggunakan keupayaan kita untuk merangka hala tuju yang tepat.

(We must continue to clearly identify and assert our national interests - be it safeguarding our sovereignty or protecting our social cohesion - and use our capabilities to chart the right path.)

4.                  Walaupun dunia sedang melalui banyak perubahan, ada satu hakikat yang kekal iaitu globalisasi tetap berterusan.

(While the world has undergone profound shifts, globalisation continues.)

a.      Pembahagian buruh global masih penting untuk pengeluaran berskala besar. Namun, aliran kini menjadi lebih selektif, dan perkongsian lebih bersifat strategik.

(A global division of labour is still essential for production at scale. However, flows are becoming more selective and partnerships more strategic.)

b.     Kita perlu menyesuaikan diri terhadap perubahan ini dengan kekal terbuka, sambil berhubung dengan cara yang lebih bijak, lebih pelbagai dan berdaya tahan.

(We will need to adjust to these changes by staying open, but connecting in smarter, more diversified and resilient ways.)

c.      Namun Singapura tidak boleh melakukannya bersendirian. Kita mesti terus bekerjasama dengan negara-negara yang sehaluan dan bersetujuan. Pada masa yang sama kita perlu mengekalkan penglibatan kita dalam pasaran yang sedang berkembang pesat.

(Singapore cannot journey alone – we must continue to forge partnerships with like-minded countries and deepen our engagement of fast-growing markets.)

5.                  Strategi ini memberi ruang untuk Singapura merebut peluang baharu dan membina ekonomi yang kukuh — ekonomi yang mampu mewujudkan pekerjaan yang baik dan bernilai untuk rakyat Singapura.

(This strategy gives Singapore space to seize emerging opportunities and build a resilient economy that continues to create good jobs and new opportunities for Singaporeans.)

Foreign Policy Begins at Home

6.                  Kejayaan kita di luar negara hanya boleh dicapai dengan kekuatan dan perpaduan di dalam negara.

(But our success abroad can only be achieved with strength and unity at home.)

a.      Sebagai sebuah masyarakat berbilang kaum, rakyat Singapura sememangnya mempunyai pandangan yang berbeza terhadap perkembangan antarabangsa.

(As a diverse, multiracial society, Singaporeans will have different views on international developments from time to time.)

b.     Walaupun ada ruang untuk kita berbeza pendapat, ini tidak memecah-belahkan kita.

(While we have provided space for such diversity to be expressed, we have not allowed it to become a means to divide us.)

c.      Sebaliknya, rakyat Singapura telah menunjukkan keupayaan untuk bersatu dan memperkukuh kesepakatan dalam isu-isu berkepentingan nasional, demi memastikan yang terbaik untuk Singapura.

(Rather, Singaporeans have demonstrated their ability to stay united and close ranks on issues of national interest, so that we can secure what is best for Singapore.)

7.                  Puan Hazlina Abdul Halim bertanya tentang situasi di Gaza manakala SPS Dr Syed Harun  dan Encik Yip Hon Weng bertanya tentang sokongan Singapura terhadap usaha kemanusiaan dalam hal ini.  

(Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim asked about the situation in Gaza while SPS Dr Syed Harun and Mr Yip Hon Weng asked about Singapore’s support for humanitarian efforts.)

a.      Sememangnya, krisis kemanusiaan ini menyentuh hati ramai dalam masyarakat kita.

(Indeed, this humanitarian crisis moved many members of our community.)

b.     Rakyat Singapura daripada pelbagai latar belakang tidak kira agama atau bangsa telah bersatu, menyokong badan-badan kebajikan tempatan kita, untuk mengumpulkan dana dan menyalurkan bantuan kepada rakyat Gaza.

(Singaporeans from different races and religions came together, and with our local charity organisations, pooled their resources to provide humanitarian assistance for the people in Gaza.)

c.      Sungguh bangga menyaksikan keprihatinan dan kecekalan usaha seluruh masyarakat kita.

(It was heartwarming to witness this whole-of-society effort.)

d.     Sehingga kini, Singapura dan rakyat Singapura telah menyumbang 11 penghantaran bantuan dan derma, yang bernilai lebih S$25 juta, kepada Gaza.

(To date, Singapore and Singaporeans have contributed 11 tranches of aid and monetary donations to Gaza, totalling over S$25 million.)

          i.      Kita juga terus bekerjasama dengan rakan serantau di Timur Tengah seperti Jordan dan Mesir untuk menyokong rakyat Palestin di Gaza. Antaranya melalui pengangkutan udara dan penghantaran bekalan kemanusiaan RSAF melalui Jordan — yang saya sendiri berpeluang untuk menyaksikan apabila saya berada di sana — serta sumbangan prostetik melalui inisiatif Restoring Hope di Jordan. Bersama Mesir pula, satu pasukan perubatan SAF telah dikerahkan ke Kaherah pada September tahun lalu untuk menyokong rawatan khusus bagi rakyat Palestin yang sedang menerima rawatan di sana.

(We have continued to work with regional partners in the Middle East such as Jordan and Egypt to support the Palestinians in Gaza. For example, through the RSAF’s airlifts and airdrops of humanitarian supplies via Jordan, which I had the opportunity to witness first-hand, and the donation of prosthetics through Jordan’s Restoring Hope Initiative. With Egypt, a medical team was deployed in Cairo in September last year to support specialised care for Palestinians receiving treatment.)

e.      Pada masa yang sama, Singapura terus menyokong usaha pembangunan modal insan melalui Pakej Bantuan Teknikal yang Dipertingkatkan (iaitu ETAP) bernilai S$10 juta, untuk membantu Pihak Berkuasa Palestin menyiapkan diri ke arah kenegaraan mereka pada masa hadapan.

(At the same time, Singapore has continued to provide support for human capital development efforts through our S$10 million Enhanced Technical Assistance Package for the Palestinian Authority in preparation for their eventual statehood.)

f.       Beberapa hari yang lalu, Menteri Balakrishnan dan saya telah menjadi tuan rumah kepada Menteri Kewangan dan Perancangan Pihak Berkuasa Palestin, Dr Estephan Salameh yang berada di Singapura untuk lawatan rasmi. Selain mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Pemerintah Singapura atas sumbangan kepada bantuan kemanusiaan di Gaza, beliau juga merakamkan penghargaan atas Pakej Bantuan ETAP, dan sesi-sesi taklimat tentang sistem Pendidikan Singapura dan perjalanan kita sebagai negara pintar. Kita berharap dapat berkongsi pengalaman Singapura dalam bidang-bidang yang tertentu menjadi minat dan yang dapat membantu Pihak Berkuasa Palestin.  

(A few days ago, Minister Balakrishnan and I hosted Palestinian Authority Minister of Finance and Planning Dr Estephan Salameh who was in Singapore on an official visit. Besides expressing his gratitude to the Singapore Government for its generous contributions towards humanitarian assistance in Gaza, he also expressed appreciation for the Enhanced Technical Assistance Package, and the briefings that we arranged for him on Singapore’s education system and smart nation journey. We look forward to continue sharing Singapore’s experience with the PA in specific areas which may be of interest and assistance.)

8.                  Semangat memberi ini tidak terhad kepada Gaza sahaja. Apabila Asia Tenggara dan Asia Selatan dilanda bencana alam tahun lalu, rakyat Singapura turut tampil membantu dan menyokong usaha pengumpulan dana oleh badan Palang Merah Singapura serta badan-badan kebajikan yang lain.

(This spirit of giving extends to other humanitarian crises around the world. When Southeast Asia and South Asia experienced a series of natural disasters last year, Singaporeans likewise stepped up to contribute assistance and support fundraising efforts by the Singapore Red Cross and other charity organisations.)

9.                  Sumbangan ini mencerminkan nilai kita sebagai sebuah masyarakat yang mengutamakan semangat “kita dahulu” dalam cara kita bersatu bekerjasama. Puan Hazlina bercakap tentang memperkukuh sokongan domestik bagi dasar luar negara.

(Singapore and Singaporeans’ contributions reflect our shared values as a “we first” society in how we are united to work together. Ms Hazlina spoke about strengthening domestic support for foreign policy.)

a.      Semangat kekitaan akan menjadi lebih penting pada masa hadapan.  Ada kalanya kita perlu mengambil pendirian dasar luar negara yang mungkin tidak seiring dengan pandangan kuasa besar atau negara lain. Walaupun ini merupakan keputusan yang sukar, kita harus lakukannya demi kepentingan negara kita.

(Our sense of “we” will be more critical than ever. The foreign policy positions we take may displease major powers and external countries. While difficult, we make such decisions to support our national interest.)

b.     Pihak asing mungkin akan cuba memaksakan naratif atau agenda mereka, mengeksploitasikan perbezaan antara kita, atau menekan kita untuk menerima pandangan mereka.

(Foreign actors may impose their narratives or agenda, exploit our differences or pressure us to see and accept their views.)

c.      Namun, kita mesti kekal tenang, berpegang pada prinsip dan panduan, serta yakin dengan nilai-nilai kita. Justeru, yang paling penting, kita mesti terus bersatu dan mengukuhkan jalinan masyarakat kita.

(But we must remain calm in judgment, clear in principle and direction, and confident in our values. We must stay united and strengthen our social compact.)

Prosper Thy Neighbour

10.                  Kejayaan Singapura berkait rapat dengan rantau ini dan jiran-jiran terdekat dengan kita.

(Singapore’s success is intertwined with the region and our immediate neighbours.)

a.      Dalam mana-mana hubungan yang rapat sebegini, perbezaan pandangan dan dasar tidak dapat dielakkan dari masa ke semasa. Apabila ia berlaku, kita menguruskannya berdasarkan rasa hormat bersama, dengan muhibah dan mengambil pandangan jangka masa panjang demi kepentingan bersama. Pada masa yang sama, terdapat banyak yang telah dan akan kita lakukan bersama.

(As in any close relationship, disagreements in views and policies are bound to occur from time to time. When they do, we manage them on the basis of mutual respect, goodwill, and a long-term view of our shared interests. At the same time, there is much that we have done and will do together.)

11.                  Encik Patrick Tay bertanya tentang domain yang baru muncul dan projek-projek praktikal yang boleh kita laksanakan, termasuk di peringkat negeri atau wilayah. Encik Victor Lye bertanya sama ada Kementerian boleh memainkan peranan yang lebih kukuh dalam memupuk ekosistem serantau yang berhubung supaya syarikat-syarikat dan karyawan muda kita dapat mengemudi ekosistem ini dengan lebih yakin. Encik Gerald Giam menyeru agar hubungan antara rakyat lebih erat dengan jiran-jiran, terutamanya dalam kalangan belia.

(Mr Patrick Tay asked about the emerging domains that we can pursue practical projects on, including at the state or provincial levels. Mr Victor Lye asked if the Ministry could play a stronger role in fostering a connected regional ecosystem so that our companies and young professionals can navigate these ecosystems with confidence. Mr Gerald Giam called for greater people-to-people ties with our neighbours, particularly among youths.)

12.                  Kita akan terus bekerja rapat dengan Malaysia, Indonesia dan Brunei untuk meningkatkan kerjasama dua hala dan memperdalamkan integrasi serantau termasuk di peringkat negeri, wilayah dan juga bandar.

(We continue to work closely with Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei to expand bilateral cooperation and deepen regional integration, including at the state, provincial and even city levels.)

a.      Penglibatan sedemikian bertujuan untuk memupuk persekitaran yang kondusif untuk syarikat-syarikat dan karyawan muda kita supaya mereka dapat memanfaatkan peluang baharu, mengukuhkan hubungan perniagaan dan hubungan antara individu, serta memupuk hasil yang saling menguntungkan dalam sektor-sektor yang strategik.

(Such engagements aim to foster a conducive environment for our companies and young professionals to harness new opportunities, strengthen business linkages and people-to-people ties, and foster win-win outcomes in strategic sectors.)

13.                  Banyak yang kita boleh nantikan bersama Malaysia pada tahun ini.

(Much to look forward to with Malaysia this year.)

a.      Kita sedang bekerjasama dengan agensi ekonomi kita untuk memastikan Zon Ekonomi Khas Johor–Singapura (Johor-SEZ) akan menandakan era integrasi ekonomi yang baharu. Syarikat-syarikat Singapura telah membuat komitmen pelaburan melebihi S$5.5 bilion, dengan potensi jumlah yang lebih besar pada masa hadapan.

(We are working with our economic agencies to ensure the Johor-Singapore Special Economic Zone will herald a new era of economic integration. Singapore-based companies have already committed over S$5.5 billion in investments, with potential for further growth.)

b.     Sistem Transit Rapid Johor Bahru–Singapura pula, yang disasarkan akan mula beroperasi pada akhir tahun ini, akan memendekkan masa perjalanan dan mengurangkan kesesakan di Tambak Johor.

(The Johor Bahru-Singapore Rapid Transit System Link, which is targeted to commence service at the end of this year, will greatly reduce the journey time from Singapore to Johor and ease congestion on the Causeway.)

c.      Kita juga berharap dapat mempertingkatkan kerjasama dengan Malaysia Timur. Pembukaan Konsulat baharu Singapura di Sarawak dan Sabah akan memudahkan kerjasama, meningkatkan ketersambungan, integrasi dan perdagangan. Ia juga akan membolehkan perkhidmatan konsular yang lebih baik kepada rakyat Singapura yang tinggal dan melancong ke sana. Ini adalah contoh bagaimana kita berinteraksi antara negeri-ke-negeri dan bandar-ke-bandar.

(We look forward to deepening our engagement with East Malaysia. The opening of our new Consulates in Sarawak and Sabah will expand cooperation and unlock greater connectivity, integration and trade. It will also enable the Ministry to provide better consular services to the Singaporeans living and travelling there. This is an example of how we engage state-to-state and city-to-city.)

14.                  Dengan Indonesia pula, kita akan terus memperkukuh kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan, termasuk dalam bidang baharu seperti ekonomi hijau.

(With Indonesia, we will continue to forge win-win partnerships in new and emerging areas like the green economy.)

a.      Ini merangkumi projek perdagangan elektrik rentas sempadan, penangkapan dan penyimpanan karbon, serta pembangunan zon perindustrian lestari di Kepulauan Riau.

(We are exploring projects such as cross-border electricity trade, carbon capture and storage, and the development of a sustainable industrial zone in the Riau Islands.)

b.     Inisiatif seperti Program Mobiliti Belia pula, yang menawarkan peluang latihan amali rentas sempadan kepada 300 pelajar Singapura dan Indonesia setiap tahun, membantu mengekalkan hubungan rapat antara rakyat kedua-dua negara kita.

(Initiatives such as the Youth Mobility Programme, which facilitates annual cross-border internship opportunities for 300 students from Singapore and Indonesia, help maintain our close people-to-people ties into the next generation.)

c.      Kita juga sedang meningkatkan penglibatan dengan wilayah-wilayah di Indonesia. Saya sendiri telah melawat kepulauan Batam tahun lalu dan mengadakan pertemuan yang membina dengan pemimpin-pemimpin Batam serta tokoh perniagaan utama di sana.

(We are stepping up engagements with the Indonesian provinces; I visited Batam last year and had constructive meetings with their leadership and key business figures there.)

15.                  Singapura juga mempunyai hubungan istimewa dengan Brunei.

(We share a special relationship with Brunei.)

a.      Tahun ini, kita memperingati ulang tahun ke-50 hubungan pertahanan. Ramai anggota NS lelaki dan wanita kita pasti masih mengingati latihan di hutan Temburong di Brunei. Namun, seperti semua rakan baik, kita tidak memandang ringan dan menganggap bahawa Brunei akan pasti terus membenarkan pasukan SAF kita untuk berlatih di wilayahnya. Justeru hubungan istimewa kita ini mesti kita terus bawanya ke tahap yang lebih tinggi lagi.

(This year, we mark the 50^th anniversary of defence relations. I am sure that many generations of our NS men and women remember training in the Temburong forest. That Brunei continues to allow our soldiers to train on its grounds is not to be taken for granted. Therefore, we must continue to take this special relationship to higher levels.)

b.     Kita berharap dapat meraikan ulang tahun ke-60 Perjanjian Kesalingbolehtukaran Mata Wang atau “Currency Interchangeability Agreement” pada tahun depan, yang kekal sebagai ciri khas hubungan kita dan simbol saling kepercayaan serta komitmen bersama untuk memudahkan pelaburan, perdagangan dan pelancongan antara Singapura dan Brunei.

(We look forward to celebrating the 60^th anniversary of the Currency Interchangeability Agreement next year, which remains a hallmark of our relationship and a symbol of our mutual trust and shared commitment to facilitate mutual investments, trade, and tourism.)

16.                  Encik Alex Yam bertanya tentang kepentingan berterusan peranan ASEAN dan Singapura dalam memperkukuh integrasi. Di peringkat serantau, Singapura kekal komited sepenuhnya kepada ASEAN.

(Mr Alex Yam asked about the continued relevance and importance of ASEAN and Singapore’s role in strengthening integration. Regionally, we remain deeply committed to ASEAN.)

a.      ASEAN ialah wadah penting yang berguna untuk Negara-Negara Anggota membincangkan perbezaan secara damai dan membina;

(It is a valuable platform for Member States to meet and discuss differences constructively and peacefully; and)

b.     Dan untuk kita berganding bahu dalam isu kepentingan bersama seperti perdagangan, ketersambungan dan hubungan antara rakyat.

(To work together on mutually beneficial issues, such as trade, connectivity, and people-to-people links.)

c.      Negara-negara ASEAN telah bekerjasama dengan berkesan, termasuk ketika krisis COVID-19.

(We have cooperated effectively, including during the COVID-19 crisis.)

d.     Maka, kita akan terus menyokong Pengerusi ASEAN tahun ini iaitu Filipina, dan menjalin kerjasama yang rapat dengan mereka untuk memperkukuh lagi integrasi serantau serta menggalakkan perkongsian luar, menjelang Tahun kepengerusian Singapura di ASEAN tahun hadapan.

(We will continue to support the Philippines as ASEAN Chair, and work with them to further deepen regional integration and promote external partnerships, in the lead-up to our Chairmanship next year.)

[In English]

Growing Relationships Further Afield

17.                  Mr Chairman, beyond our neighbourhood, we must expand our global footprint. This includes strengthening longstanding friendships and building new ones. We have diversified successfully into fast-growing markets, particularly during COVID-19, where we broadened our food sources, strengthened our supply chains and built resilient economic connections. But we can do more.

18.                  Mr Yip Hon Weng, Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim, Mr Victor Lye, and Ms Joan Pereira asked about the Ministry’s plans to engage emerging regions and encourage our citizens and businesses to explore opportunities there.

19.                  We have been pursuing a whole-of-government approach in engaging emerging regions such as Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, Central Asia, South Asia and the Pacific Islands. This includes establishing new Embassies and touchpoints and unlocking economic opportunities for our companies. We are also working to expand people-to-people and cultural exchanges to build mindshare and familiarity of these countries among Singaporeans.

20.                  For example, we are stepping up cooperation with Latin America, including growing our trade and business linkages.

a.      During President’s visit to Mexico last year, we announced a new resident Embassy in Mexico City. This will be our second resident Mission in Latin America and our first in the Spanish-speaking world.

b.     We have negotiated FTA with the Pacific Alliance and Mercosur, two of the region’s most prominent trading blocs.

c.      Our companies benefit from the increased linkages and access.

          i.      CrimsonLogic is providing digital solutions in the Bahamas, Mexico, Panama, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago, while Olam International operates in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru to actively diversify our food sources.

21.                  We also enjoy broad-based cooperation with countries in the Middle East.

a.      We established our first Strategic Partnership in the Middle East with Saudi Arabia, and we look forward to convening the inaugural Strategic Partnership Council meeting co-chaired by our two Prime Ministers soon.

b.     With the UAE, we share a Comprehensive Partnership which spans seven clusters, from political and economic affairs to health, sustainable development, and education.

c.      We also engage our Middle East counterparts through regular exchanges and multiple ministerial platforms such as those with Oman, Qatar, and the UAE.

d.     We have also bolstered our connectivity with countries in the Middle East, which will foster greater business and people-to-people links. Singapore Airlines is scheduled to launch direct flights to Riyadh in June, while Oman Air will do so between Muscat and Singapore in July.

e.      Last September, President made a State Visit to Egypt, and our two countries agreed to study the feasibility of a bilateral FTA.

22.                  In Africa, which is a key driver of future global growth, we are also doing more.

a.      In August, I met 14 African ministers and deputy ministers who were in Singapore for the 5^th Singapore-Africa Ministerial Exchange Visit. This was the largest turnout for the exchange visit to date.

b.     PM also visited Ethiopia in November and announced that Singapore would establish an Embassy in Addis Ababa.

c.      This will be our first diplomatic mission in East Africa, and our third in the African continent. It will support deeper engagement of the African Union, which is based in Addis Ababa, and support our businesses seeking to access new markets.

23.                  Finally, in Central Asia, South Asia, and the Pacific Islands, we are expanding exchanges and technical assistance to foster goodwill, deepen people-to-people ties, and support their development priorities.

a.      We engage the Pacific regionally through the Pacific Islands Forum in our capacity as a Dialogue Partner, as well as bilaterally with individual Pacific countries.

b.     Cultural exchanges have increased our familiarity with each other. For example, in 2025, a group of Kazakh artistes performed for the very first time in the Chingay Parade.

c.      We have also deepened technical assistance cooperation with South Asian countries.  For example, we supported the establishment of two technical training centres in Bhutan to provide skills training in automotive and facility technology.  We signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Maldives government on capacity building during the Maldives President’s State Visit to Singapore in June last year.

24.                  Mr Gerald Giam asked if the Ministry will be establishing more resident Missions in the regions I mentioned. We are reviewing the need for more resident Missions, taking into account our limited manpower and resource constraints. Meanwhile, we will continue to explore opportunities to do more in these fast-growing regions, including through our excellent Non-Resident Ambassadors.

Mr Chairman,

25.                  Despite the transition to a more tumultuous world, Singapore has agency to shape the future that we want.

26.                  But we must know our interests, stay united, and we must build on our strengths.

27.                  Only then can we seize emerging opportunities, secure our place in an evolving world, and build a resilient economy that continues to create good jobs and new opportunities for Singaporeans.

28.                  The seas may be rough, but with unity as our compass and our strengths as the keel, Singapore will not drift along with global tides. We will chart our own course and sail forward with purpose. Like in Greek mythology Atlas who bears the weight of the heavens, a small nation survives not by size, but by strength, in unity and with resilience, and so will Singapore.

.    .    .    .    .

Speech by Minister of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Trade and Industry Gan Siow Huang

1.                 Mr Chairman, much has been said about the changing international order. Against the backdrop of a world that is marked by geopolitical competition and great power rivalry, MFA’s work has become more salient. To safeguard Singapore’s national interests, we need to expand our international partnerships and support a rules-based multilateral approach towards solving global challenges like climate change. I will talk about how Singapore supports the development of other countries, and how MFA provides consular assistance to Singaporeans who need help overseas.

Growing our Development Partnerships

2.                 At the 2025 S Rajaratnam Lecture, PM Lawrence Wong set out how Singapore must meet the challenge of an increasingly uncertain world. Rather than retreat, he urged us to “reach out; not to build barriers, but to build bridges”. We believe in the transformative role of human capital in driving social progress and economic prosperity of a nation. This is Singapore’s development story. It is a story that we are happy to share to help others in their development journey. This was why Singapore started the Singapore Cooperation Programme (SCP) in 1992 – to enhance the capabilities of developing nations through capacity building and knowledge sharing. And through the SCP, we build bridges that support and connect countries. To a large extent, the SCP is our way of paying it forward after having received assistance from our foreign friends during our early years of independence. Our investment in development partnerships also forms a key part of our strategy to engage with the Global South and create future opportunities for collaboration.

3.                 Dr Kenneth Goh asked about strengthening our capacity-building platforms. We have revamped MFA’s Development Partnerships Directorate to better integrate Singapore’s development assistance across government agencies, international organisations, and foundations to deliver the best possible outcomes. We are now better able to mobilise Singapore’s full ecosystem – combining policy expertise, industry capabilities, and practical know-how – and expand our focus to new domains such as digital economy and climate resilience. Our development partnerships span across 180 countries and territories. Altogether, we have supported more than 163,000 foreign officials through training and capacity-building programmes.

4.                 The ASEAN region is especially important as 60% of the SCP’s participants hail from Southeast Asia. Programmes such as the Initiative for ASEAN Integration aim to narrow the development gap within ASEAN and enhance regional integration, while we tailor customised bilateral programmes for countries’ specific development needs. Our capacity building initiatives in Southeast Asia extend to both major cities as well as cities in the provinces such as Batam and East Java in Indonesia, as well as Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. One of our key focuses is supporting ASEAN’s newest member, Timor-Leste, in its capacity-building. It is Singapore’s interest for Timor Leste to become a successful and contributing member of ASEAN. In 2025, we launched an enhanced Singapore - Timor Leste ASEAN Readiness Support (eSTARS) package. The eSTARS package helps to familiarise Timorese officials with important aspects of ASEAN, including key ASEAN economic agreements. For example, MFA co-organised a two-day training programme last year, conducted in Dili by the ISEAS-ASEAN Studies Centre, on key ASEAN issues and ASEAN’s work. Timor-Leste Prime Minister [Xanana] Gusmão said during his visit to Singapore last year that Singapore’s support has made “a real difference” and reflected a friendship that was “measured in actions, not words”.

5.                 For the African region, our most recent development assistance programme, the Singapore-Africa Partnership Leading to Growth and Sustainability (SAPLINGS) Package, was launched by PM Lawrence Wong during his bilateral visit to Ethiopia in November 2025. Under SAPLINGS, we welcome African officials to visit Singapore on customised study visits and education programmes to learn about our development journey and also to exchange learning points.

6.                 Dr Hamid Razak asked about expanding Singapore’s networks with middle powers and international organisations. We are working with like-minded partners to pool our strengths in delivering and developing assistance programmes to third parties. Such partnerships allow us to amplify our contributions and ensure that our development assistance is relevant, sustainable and impactful. We have nearly 30 third-country training programmes today. In Latin America, we are partnering Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and Argentina to deliver courses to officials in ASEAN, Latin America and the Caribbean, on digitalisation, food safety, and disaster risk management. Our Regional Training Centres in Oman, Jordan, and Qatar train officials from Middle East, Asia and Africa on topics such as public governance and digitalisation. Closer to home, we have also refreshed our partnerships with China, Australia and Korea to conduct courses on topics such as sustainable development and green economy.  In addition, we launched a new training programme with New Zealand in 2025 for the Pacific islands on leadership training for the public service.

7.                 We have also forged development partnerships with international organisations. Just to name a few, the United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Development Programme, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World Bank, International Civil Aviation Organization and International Maritime Organisation. With the International Monetary Fund (IMF), we worked with the IMF-Singapore Training Institute and IMF Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre to provide training for senior finance officials from the Pacific Island countries. We also started a collaboration with Google to tap on private sector expertise for our programme for AI Policy Leaders.

8.                 Collectively, these efforts allow Singapore to play a part in the capacity-building needs of developing countries. This is especially salient today when there are fewer global resources available to support development assistance. Our programmes and partnerships profile Singapore as a responsible member of the global community and pave the way forward for future collaboration.  

Strengthening Consular Support for Singapore

9.                 Mr Chairman, even as we expand our external partnerships, we remain deeply focused on our core mission: caring for Singaporeans overseas. Ms Joan Pereira asked about how MFA is strengthening consular service to Singaporeans. Today, more Singaporeans live, work, study and travel abroad than ever before.  In 2025, Singapore residents made a total of 10.6 million overseas trips. Some encounter unfortunate situations while overseas and require consular assistance. The nature of consular cases handled by our officers has increased in complexity, as geopolitical conflict and natural disasters can sometimes strike without warning.

10.                 To better equip our teams to handle consular cases, MFA is strengthening our capabilities and systems. We are leveraging on digital tools to serve Singaporeans more efficiently. We have enhanced our eRegister system so that Singaporeans travelling overseas can now easily eRegister using their Singpass. In 2025, more than 600,000 Singaporeans eRegistered with MFA.  And this was twice as many of those who eRegistered their travel in 2019. We have also enhanced our 24/7 Consular Response Centre to provide effective and timely support. The Centre operates around the clock and keeps a watchful eye on developments worldwide, reaching out to Singaporean travellers during emergencies.

11.                 Beyond digital tools, human connection is at the core of MFA’s consular work. When Singaporeans abroad face distress, it helps to hear a Singaporean voice on the line. Our officers, supported by the 24/7 Consular Response Centre, are that first line of support.  In January 2025, a tour bus carrying 27 people, including 26 Singaporeans, veered off the road in Lofoten , Norway, due to poor driving conditions caused by inclement weather. Six Singaporeans were injured, with three of them suffering traumatic injuries that required urgent medical treatment. With the help of our Honorary-Consulate General in Oslo, our MFA staff, Ms Estelle Ho, maintained close contact with the affected Singaporeans and assisted them in reporting lost passports, obtaining temporary travel documents, and making police reports. Estelle stayed in contact with the Singaporeans in distress until their safe return home. In January 2025, our Beijing Mission assisted a family whose non-verbal teenager with special needs went missing in Beijing. The family was also not Mandarin-speaking. Our MFA officer, Mr Lin Jiayi, accompanied the parents during their search, coordinated with the local police, assisted in translation, and offered practical assistance and emotional support to the family. The teenager was eventually found by local authorities after being missing for 12 hours.

12.                 During the Hat Yai floods in December 2025, MFA dispatched a Crisis Response Team  to assist Singaporeans affected by the floods. This included providing basic necessities like food and water to the stranded Singaporeans, liaising with their next-of-kin, and facilitating their safe return home. One of our officers helping Singaporeans evacuate to the airport, Mr Ashlyy Ashmadi, was also left stranded overnight in Central Hat Yai when his hired driver refused to return to the airport due to the floods. He, and a Singaporean whom he was assisting, both ended up finding temporary shelter until they could both safely evacuate the following day. So, when Ashlyy said that he understood what Singaporeans were experiencing, he truly meant it!  

13.                 Apart from our Overseas Missions, we have Honorary Consuls-General or Honorary Consuls in 30 countries, which extends the reach of our consular assistance. However, in countries where we do not have resident embassies or HCGs, cooperation with our close partners is key. Ms Rachel Ong asked about the importance of developing partnerships with other countries to provide consular assistance. Amongst ASEAN Member States, there are standing guidelines on consular assistance where ASEAN Missions render consular assistance to ASEAN nationals who do not have a resident Mission in the country. Beyond this, we also partner other friendly countries on the consular front. For example, MFA facilitated the evacuation of 11 Singaporeans from Iran during the 12-day war between Iran and Israel in June last year. While Singapore does not have a resident Mission in Iran, MFA worked closely with Governments of Oman and Malaysia to evacuate four of the eleven Singaporeans.

14.                 Our officers based in Missions around the world, including in countries with active conflict, sometimes face real danger. The team at the Singapore Embassy in Doha were in the vicinity of an airstrike last year and experienced loud explosions and tremors while at work. MFA officers in Moscow and Tel Aviv have had to seek shelter during drone attacks on their host cities. Despite these dangerous moments, our officers have never once asked to leave their posts to come home. Consular work is not easy, but MFA officers like Estelle, Jiayi and Ashlyy, do this out of a deep sense of desire and responsibility to help Singaporeans in times of need. I thank them for their dedication.

15.                 Mr Chairman, in an increasingly turbulent world, MFA needs to be sharp in safeguarding Singapore’s national interests. We may be a tiny red dot, but we have agency, we are united, and we leave no one behind. I have been with MFA for eight months and am tremendously proud to be part of the MFA team. The MFA team will continue to work with determination and agility to protect Singapore’s interests, and support Singaporeans no matter where they are in the world. Thank you.

.    .    .    .    .